EDİLGEN - ETTİRGEN CÜMLE / PASSIVE VOICE / CAUSATIVE FORM ( ingilizce eğitim)
EDİLGEN - ETTİRGEN CÜMLE / PASSIVE VOICE / CAUSATIVE FORM
PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice aşağıda belirtilen durumlar için kullanılır :
1- Hareketi ( eylemi ) yapan bilinmiyorsa
2- Hareketi ( eylemi ) yapan belirsiz ve önemsizse
3- Yapılan hareket daha önemliyse
4- Hareketi gerçekleştiren açıklanmak istenmiyorsa
Bir cümlede hareketi yapan cümlenin öznesi ise , o cümle active ( etken ) dir.Active bir cümlenin nesnesi yeni bir cümlenin öznesi durumuna getirilirse , o cümle passive ( edilgen ) olur.Passive form da hareketi yapan özneye değinmek önemsizdir.Bu nedenle cümle sonunda " by......" kullanmaya gerek kalmaz.
Örnek ( example ) :
| Active | Passive |
| Peter wrote a letter. | A letter was written. ( by Peter ) |
| He broke the window. | The window was broken. ( by him ) |
Passive cümle nasıl kurulur :
1- Active cümlenin nesnesi pasif cümlenin öznesi olarak seçilir.
2- Passive cümle kurmak için -to be yardımcı fiillerinden gerekli olan birini "özne" ve "zaman" durumuna göre seçeriz.( am,is,are,was,were,been )Passive cümlenin zamanı active cümlenin zamanı olur.
Simple Tense'ler için : özne + be + fiil 3 + ( by....)
Progressive Tense'ler için : özne + be + being + fiil 3 + ( by....)
Örnekler ( examples ) :
| Present Simple | She tells a story.( active) |
| The story is told. ( passive) | |
| Present Continuous | She is telling a story.( active ) |
| A story is being told.( passive ) | |
| Present Perfect | She has told a story.( active) |
| A story has been told.( passive ) | |
| Past Simple | She told a story.( active ) |
| A story was told.( passive ) | |
| Past Continuous | She was telling a story.( active) |
| A story was being told.( passive ) | |
| Past Perfect | She had told a story. ( active) |
| A story had been told.( passive ) | |
| Future Simple | She will tell a story. ( active ) |
| A story will be told.( passive ) | |
| Be Going To | She is going to tell a story.( active ) |
| A story is going to be told. ( passive ) | |
| Future Perfect | She will have told a story.( active ) |
| A story will have been told.( passive ) | |
| Modals ( May ) |
She may tell a story. ( active ) |
| A story may be told. ( passive) |
CAUSATIVE FORMS
Bazen bir cümlede özne , bir başkasına iş yaptırır.Bu tip bir cümle kuruluşuna "causative" denir.
Örnekler ( examples ) :
He had his car painted. O arabasını boyattı.
Causative bir cümle kurmak için en sık kullanılan filler ; have , get ve make fiilleridir.
Have
1- have + something + fiil 3 : bir şey yaptırmak
Örnekler ( examples ) :
I have my hair cut every month.
She may have her house painted tomorrow.
2- have + someone + fiil : birine birşey yaptırmak
Örnek ( example ) :
She has the her husbands prepare the breakfeast.
I will have you wash the car.
Get
1- get + something + fiil 3 : bir şey yaptırmak
Örnek ( example ) :
I get the house painted every two years.
You may get your room redecorated.
2- get + someone + fiil : birine birşey yaptırmak
Örnek ( example ) :
She always gets the same couffeur to cut her hair.
He got you to mail the letters.
Make
1- make + someone + fiil :
Örnek ( example ) :
I will make you wash my car.
The teacher makes the students study their lessons.
2- make + someone + adjective ( sıfat )
Örnek ( example ) :
His nonsense talk will make me nervous.
This kind of difficult work always makes us tired.
